Belle Vue (1836 - 1982)
Biography
Belle Vue was the first privately founded zoo in England, established by John Jennison in 1836.
John, an entrepreneur and professional gardener, started selling fruit and vegetables from his home grounds in Adswood, Stockport in the mid-1820s with his wife. By 1829 they had built an aviary business, opened to the public for an admission charge and had turned their home into a public house. During the next decade the business continued expanding and in 1836, they took over Belle Vue, a public house seating on over 35 acres of land. The Jennison's original idea was to turn the gardens into a botanical attraction with some animal displays, but pushed by public demand, they decided to expand the zoological side of the business.
At its opening, as well as the aviary, Belle Vue contained an Italian Garden, lakes, mazes and hothouses. The site was an instant success and as attendance increased so did the attractions. In 1843 ponds were enlarged to create a boating lake with an island holding a natural history museum in the centre. In 1847 a racecourse was added and from 1852 firework displays became a regular feature. As the popularity of the site increased, so did the demand for innovation and an amusement park was built in the 1870s containing all the popular fairground rides of the time. Music and dancing were also popular attractions from the beginning, which could be enjoyed in various ballrooms and the Kings Hall exhibition space built in 1910, became the largest outside London.
The site was thriving up to the beginning of the First World War, when the complex was requisition by the government to build a munitions factory and for use by the Manchester Regiment. In spite of this, Belle Vue managed to survive the war and continued expanding during the post-war years, incorporating an annual Christmas circus show, which lasted for nearly sixty years from 1922. The circus was provided by the Blackpool Tower Company, which supplied acts and equipment, including the Tower’s resident ringmaster George Lockhart and became a roaring success.
Additionally, in 1928 Belle Vue built the largest purpose-built speedway stadium in the country and became a renowned boxing and wrestling venue.
During the Second World War, parts of the complex were requisitioned for military use including the King’s Hall, the restaurants, the offices and some of the grounds. Part of the gardens were also requisitioned by the Manchester Corporation to grow food. However, the rest of the complex was allowed to remain open to the public, which enabled Belle Vue to avoid financial disaster.
During the post-war years Belle Vue recovered and became one of the most famous attractions in the North West until the late 1960s when it started to decline. Huge financial losses first prompted the closure of the zoo in 1980. Between 1978 and 1982 several attempts to revitalise the rest of the complex were made, but eventually the land was sold and the site cleared by 1987.
At its peak, Belle Vue held the third largest zoo collection in the UK and attracted more than two million visitors a year. After its sale, the land was redeveloped for residential and business use with only the greyhound racing stadium, snooker hall and cinema remaining from the original site.
Found in 89 Collections and/or Records:
Ghost Train Rails Blueprint, 17 December 1921
Arrangement of No.13 ghost train track for Belle Vue by Messrs Orton, Sons & Spooner Ltd, scale 3/8". Drawing X469.
Handbills, c1786 - 1968
Handbills for travelling shows, fairs, exhibitions and performances in London.
Handbills for Venues Outside London, 1789 - c1929
Handbills for travelling shows, fairs, exhibitions and performances at venues outside London.
John Bramwell Taylor Collection
Lindsay Temple's Circus Photographs and Postcards, 1958 - 1960
Black and white photographs and postcards of circus acts, performers and animals on and off the ring from various circuses including Bertram Mills, Chipperfields at various locations in the United Kingdom including Kelvin Hall, Belle Vue, Olympia, Blackpool Tower, Great Yarmouth, Birmingham and Kendal, some contain annotations on reverse.
Lists of Circus Programmes Research Material, 1939 - 1944
Handwritten programmes taken from Belle Vue scrapbooks at auction in 2007.
Newspaper Cuttings and Scapbooks, 1838 - 2007
A collection of newspaper cuttings on circus, circus proprietors and performers and scrapbooks containing newspaper cuttings, posters, programmes and other items of ephemera, covering mainly British circuses and venues such as Belle Vue and also some international circuses.
No.13 Ghost Train Blueprint, 3 December 1931
Arrangement of No.13 ghost train track for Belle Vue by Messrs Orton, Sons & Spooner Ltd, scale 3/8". Drawing X469.
No.14 Ghost Train Blueprint, 2 February 1932
Arrangement of No.14 ghost train track for Averdeen (Belle Vue crossed out) by Messrs Orton, Sons & Spooner Ltd, scale 3/8". Drawing X481.
Noel Drewe Collection
A large collection of films entitled Circusama containing amateur and professional films on the themes of circus, performing animals and zoos, and edited clips from commercial Western and comedy films. The films are in a variety of formats including 8mm, Super8, 9.5mm and 16mm and contain related correspondence and notes. This collection also contains some sound reels mainly of fairground music.
Orton and Spooner Collection
This collection contains a large selection of archives from the Orton and Spooner Company. The collection comprises photographs and cabinet card images showing carved work, structural work and classic painted work, 4 boxes of notes, invoices and clippings, 8 drawers of plans and blueprints, 2 folders of ride specifications and order forms, accounts books and a library of source books showing turn of the century art used by the artists in the company.
Photographs and Postcards, c1800 - 1999
Black and white and colour photographs, negatives and photographic albums mainly containing images of British circus, circus performers, animals and circus personalities but also some menageries such as Bostock and Wombwell and other associated entertainments and non-British circuses taken by David Jamieson, Lindsay Temple, Den Curtis, Capt. Middleton, Jack Niblett and other photographers.
Plans, c1916 - 1939
Blueprints of electric parts for fairground rides supplied by Mather & Platt Ltd and Hackett & Co., Electrical Engineers to Orton and Spooner.
Posters, c1800 - 2011
A wide range of British and international circus and menagerie posters ranging from the 19th to the 21st century including Astley's Amphitheatre, Pablo Fanque, Polito, Bostock and Wombwell, Ducrow, Cooke, Hengler, Sanger, Smart, Gerry Cottle, Bertram Mills, Chipperfield's, Robert Brothers, Fossett, Blackpool Tower, Billy Russell, Belle Vue, Great Yarmouth Hippodrome, Austen Brothers and many more.
Programmes, c1800 - 2019
A collection of mainly British and international circus programmes and some variety and music hall programmes containing circus acts.
Programmes, 1970 - 1981
Programmes for various British and international circuses including Billy Russell's, Blackpool Tower, Fossett's, Chipperfield's and the Toni Boltini's Circus.
Sawdust Ring, Circus Thrills No.3, Circus Comes to Town, Big Top and Bertram Mills Circus 1958 Film, c1945 - 1960
Circusama and Yesterdays Circus Today. 9.5mm, Pathescope. Includes Ron Harris, Belle Vue Circus, Alby Dustin and Billy Merchant. Circus Comes to Town is Silent. Supplied by C. W. Cramp.
Scrapbook of Multiple Circuses, 1949 - 1960
Scrapbook of newspaper cuttings, black and white photographs and advertisments, relating to multiple circuses and acts including Belle Vue, Billy Smart's, Bertram Mill's, Rosaire's, 61p.p.
Scrapbook of Multiple Circuses, 1979 - 1982
Scrapbook of newspaper cuttings, relating to multiple circuses and acts including James Brothers, Belle Vue and Gandey's, 36p.p.
Scrapbook of Multiple Circuses, 1929 - 1962
Scrapbook of newspaper cuttings, black and white photographs and correspondance, relating to multiple circuses and acts including Belle Vue, Fossett's and Bertram Mills, 238p.p.